14.6 Interactive Knowledge Check: The 14th Amendment: Battles for Freedom and Equality

1. The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were ratified during a transformative period after the Civil War that was known as ____________

2. What did the 14th Amendment do?

3. Republicans in Congress thought a new amendment was necessary to protect African Americans from laws that denied them the rights of citizenship. These laws were known as the _____________

4. This congressman, a Republican from Ohio, is considered the primary author of the 14th Amendment.

5. According to Section 1 of the 14th Amendment, a person is a citizen of the United States and of the state wherein they reside if they __________

6. Section 5 granted which of the following the power to enforce the promises of the 14th Amendment?

7. On the issue of equality, the original Constitution ________

8. The infamous Dred Scott decision asserted that African Americans ___________

9. The Supreme Court declared that Wong Kim Ark was an American citizen because______

10. The Privileges and Immunities Clause of the 14th Amendment was effectively written out of the Constitution as a result of the Supreme Court decision in ___________

11. What clause in the 14th Amendment was used in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) to end school segregation?

12. In what ways did Southern states deny the promise of the 14th Amendment in the Jim Crow era?

13. The case of Plessy v. Ferguson ______

14. Writing for the majority in the Plessy case, Justice Henry Billings Brown wrote that while the object of the 14th Amendment was to enforce equality before the law, it also ___________

15. What was the reasoning given by Justice John Marshall Harlan for dissenting in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson?

16. This lawyer, who later became the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court, read Justice Harlan’s dissent before making his argument in Brown v. Board of Education.

17. In the landmark ruling of Brown v. Board of Education, this chief justice concluded that, “in the field of education, the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

18. In the Loving and Obergefell Cases, the court protected the right to marry using the ___________

19. The fancy word for taking the national freedoms of the Bill of Rights and applying them to the states is called ________

20. Which of the following helped ensure that the Declaration of Independence’s promise of freedom and equality became a reality?